Saint Raymond Nonnatus

**S. Raymundi Nonnati Confessoris** refers to **Saint Raymond Nonnatus**, who is a confessor. Saint Raymond Nonnatus was born in 1204 in Portell, Catalonia, Spain, and died on August 31, 1240. He is known for his dedication to the Mercedarian Order, which was founded to ransom Christian captives from the Moors.

Saint Raymond Nonnatus is the **patron saint of childbirth, midwives, children, pregnant women, and priests who want to protect the secrecy of confession**.

He is called "Nonnatus" (Latin for "not born") because he was delivered by Caesarean section after his mother died in childbirth. Saint Raymond Nonnatus is remembered for his piety, humility, and dedication to the service of others. He is often depicted with a padlock on his lips, symbolizing his vow of silence to protect the secrecy of confession.

Saint Raymond Nonnatus is a revered figure in the Roman Catholic Church. His name "Nonnatus" means "not born," as he was delivered by Caesarean section after his mother died in childbirth.

**Life and Mission**:

- **Early Life**: Raymond's early life was deeply spiritual, leading him to join the Mercedarians in Barcelona. This religious order, founded by St. Peter Nolasco, was dedicated to ransoming Christians enslaved by the Moors.

- **Ransoming Captives**: Raymond became the primary ransomer, taking dangerous journeys to free captives. He traveled to North Africa, where he ransomed 250 captives in Algiers and surrendered himself as a hostage for 28 captive Christians when his money ran out.

- **Suffering and Courage**: While in captivity, Raymond continued to evangelize, leading to the conversion of several Muslims. This act enraged the local governor, who ordered him to be executed by impalement. However, Raymond's life was spared due to his potential high ransom value, but he was brutally punished.

- **Return and Recognition**: After eight months, Peter Nolasco ransomed him, bringing him back to Barcelona. In 1239, Pope Gregory IX appointed him a Cardinal in recognition of his selfless acts and deep spirituality.

**Legacy and Patronage**:

- **Patron Saint**: Saint Raymond Nonnatus is the patron saint of childbirth, midwives, children, pregnant women, and priests who want to protect the secrecy of confession.

- **Feast Day**: His feast day is celebrated on August 31.

- **Miracles**: Countless miracles have been attributed to Saint Raymond, both during his lifetime and posthumously. In 1657, the Catholic Church officially recognized these miracles and canonized him.

Saint Raymond Nonnatus is remembered for his piety, humility, and dedication to the service of others. He is often depicted with a padlock on his lips, symbolizing his vow of silence to protect the secrecy of confession.

(1) Raymond Nonnatus - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Nonnatus.

(2) Saint Raymond Nonnatus – Saint Gregory the Great Catholic Church. https://stgg.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-raymond-nonnatus/.

(3) St. Raymond Nonnatus - Saint of the Day. https://saintoftheday.com/st-raymond-nonnatus/.

(4) Saint Raymond Nonnatus - Catholic Saint | Saint for a Minute: Saints .... https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_raymond_nonnatus.

Saint Rose of Lima

**Saint Rose of Lima**, also known as **S. Rosae a Sancta Maria Limanae Virginis**. She was born in **Lima, Peru** in **1586** and is known for her piety and chastity. Her birth name was **Isabel Flores de Oliva**, but she was given the nickname "Rose" due to her exceptional beauty.

She is the **patron saint of the Americas, Peru, embroiderers, florists, gardeners, needleworkers, and people ridiculed for their piety**⁵. She was canonized by **Pope Clement X** in **1671**.

Saint Rose of Lima is remembered for her deep devotion to God and her acts of penance. She often spent long periods in prayer and practiced severe asceticism⁵. Her feast day is celebrated on **August 23**.

From the Breviary:
The first flower of holiness in South America was the maiden Rose. She was born of Christian parents at Lima and in her cradle early gave signs of her future sanctity, for the child's face was wonderfully transformed into the likeness of a rose, and this gave her her name. Lest she be compelled by her parents to marry, she secretly cut off her lovely hair. The austerity of her life was most singular. She took the habit of the Third Order of St. Dominic and followed the difficult path of St. Catherine of Siena. For fifteen years, she would suffer terribly for hours at a time from desolation of spirit and from aridity, and bravely bore agonies more bitter than any death. Through frequent apparitions, she enjoyed a wonderful companionship with her Guardian Angel, St. Catherine of Siena, and the Virgin Mother of God, and she was privileged to hear Christ say these words, Rose of my Heart, be thou my bride. Famous for many miracles both before and after her death, she was enrolled in the list of holy Virgins by Pope Clement X.

Saint Rose of Lima, born **Isabel Flores de Oliva** on **April 20/30, 1586** in **Lima, Viceroyalty of Peru** (now Peru), was the first person born in the Western Hemisphere to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. She is the patron saint of Peru and all of South America, as well as of embroiderers, gardeners, and florists.

From a young age, Rose was drawn to penitential practices and a spiritual life. Her mother initially wanted her to marry and refused to allow her to pursue a religious life. To deter suitors, Rose cut off her hair and blistered her skin with hot peppers. After a ten-year struggle, her mother relented, and Rose became a Dominican of the third order in 1606. However, her parents did not permit her to live in a convent, so she chose strict enclosure and contemplation in a hut in the family garden.

Rose practiced severe austerity and asceticism, regularly wearing a crown of thorns, fasting, sleeping only a few hours a night on a bed of potsherds, and self-flagellating.

She experienced numerous visions, particularly of the Devil. Despite her reclusive lifestyle, she was devoted to the sick and hungry in her community, often bringing them to her hut to care for them. She was skilled in needlework and sold her fine lace and embroidery, as well as the flowers she grew in her garden, to help her family and raise funds for the poor.

Saint Rose of Lima experienced numerous mystical visions throughout her life. Some of the notable visions include:

1. **Visions of the Virgin Mary and Baby Jesus**: Saint Rose claimed that the Virgin Mary and Baby Jesus visited her frequently.

2. **Mystical Ring from Christ**: During one vision, she received a mystical ring from Christ, symbolizing her spiritual marriage to Him.

3. **Visions of Jesus, the Mother of God, and the Saints**: She frequently had visions of Jesus, the Mother of God, and various saints, with whom she conversed and received spiritual guidance.

4. **Visions of the Devil**: Saint Rose also experienced visions of the Devil, which she interpreted as tests of her faith and devotion.

Saint Rose of Lima wrote about her visions. Some of her writings were discovered in 1923 by Friar Luis Getino in the room where she died, which is now the Chapel of the Monastery of Saint Rose. These notes provide insights into her mystical experiences and spiritual life.

Additionally, an excerpt from her writings focuses on the role of afflictions, tribulations, and struggles as the access to the unfathomable riches and treasure of divine grace. These writings highlight her deep spiritual insights and her understanding of suffering as a path to divine grace.

Her visions played a significant role in her spiritual life and contributed to her reputation for holiness and mysticism.

Saint Rose of Lima died on **August 24, 1617**, in Lima. Her funeral was an occasion of public honor, and many miracles were said to have occurred after her death. She was beatified in 1668 by **Pope Clement IX** and canonized by **Pope Clement X** on **April 12, 1671**.

(1) Saint Rose of Lima | Biography, Early Life, Patron Saint, & Facts. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Rose-of-Lima.

(2) Saint Rose of Lima, Virgin - My Catholic Life!. https://mycatholic.life/saints/saints-of-the-liturgical-year/august-30st-rose-of-lima/.

(3) CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Rose of Lima - NEW ADVENT. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13192c.htm.

(4) Rose of Lima - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_of_Lima.

Beheading of Saint John the Baptist

The phrase **"In Decollatione S. Joannis Baptistæ"** refers to the **Beheading of Saint John the Baptist**. This event is commemorated in the Christian liturgical calendar, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church, on **August 29th** each year. The term "decollatione" is derived from Latin, meaning "beheading" or "decapitation." Saint John the Baptist is a significant figure in Christianity, known for baptizing Jesus Christ and his role as a prophet. The beheading of Saint John the Baptist is a solemn event remembered for his martyrdom.

Saint John the Baptist is a significant figure in Christianity, known for his role as a prophet and for baptizing Jesus Christ. Here are some key points about him:

- **Birth and Family**: John the Baptist was born in the 1st decade BCE in Judaea, Palestine, near Jerusalem. His parents were Zechariah, a priest, and Elizabeth, who was a relative of the Virgin Mary.

- **Role and Mission**: John the Baptist is revered as the forerunner of Jesus Christ. He preached about the imminence of God's Final Judgment and baptized those who repented in preparation for it. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy and John the Immerser in some Baptist Christian traditions.

- **Baptism of Jesus**: John baptized Jesus in the Jordan River, marking the beginning of Jesus' public ministry.

- **Martyrdom**: John the Baptist was sentenced to death and subsequently beheaded by Herod Antipas around 28-36 CE. This was after John rebuked Herod for divorcing his wife and unlawfully marrying Herodias, the wife of his brother.

- **Feast Days**: The Roman Catholic Church commemorates the Nativity of John the Baptist on June 24 and his Beheading on August 29.

- **Patronage**: John the Baptist is invoked as the patron saint of baptism, monastics, hermits, converts, tailors, prisoners, and many other occupations and causes.

John the Baptist is a revered figure not only in Christianity but also in Islam, where he is known as Prophet Yahya. His life and mission have had a profound impact on religious history and traditions.

(1) St. John the Baptist | Biography, Patron Saint, Facts, Feast Day .... https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-the-Baptist.

(2) John the Baptist - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Baptist.

(3) . https://bing.com/search?q=Saint+John+the+Baptist.

(4) St John Baptist Church. https://sjbc.org/.

(5) Who Was John the Baptist of the Bible? - Learn Religions. https://www.learnreligions.com/john-the-baptist-117707.

Saint Hermes

**Saint Hermes** was a martyr who lived during the early Christian period. Here are some key points about him:

- **Birth and Death**: Saint Hermes was born in Greece and died in Rome as a martyr in **120 AD**.

- **Veneration**: He is venerated as a saint by both the **Catholic Church** and the **Eastern Orthodox Church**.

- **Feast Day**: His feast day is celebrated on **August 28th**. - **Relics and Pilgrimage**: Some of his relics were given to Spoleto by Pope Gregory the Great, and others were brought to Ronse in Belgium, where a church was later built in his honor¹ He became known for curing mental illnesses, and a pilgrimage in his honor sustained the local economy.

- **Historical Records**: His name appears in the **Martyrologium Hieronymianum** and the **Depositio Martyrum** (354 AD).

Saint Hermes is remembered for his steadfast faith and martyrdom.

¹: [Wikipedia](^1^)
²: [DBpedia](^2^)
(1) Saint Hermes - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Hermes.

(2) About: Saint Hermes - DBpedia Association. https://dbpedia.org/page/Saint_Hermes.

(3) Saint Hermes - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Hermes.

(4) About: Saint Hermes - DBpedia Association. https://dbpedia.org/page/Saint_Hermes.

(5) Hermas, Saint | Catholic Answers Encyclopedia. https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/hermas-saint.

(6) Saint Hermes The Exorcist - Catholic Saint | Saint for a Minute .... https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_hermes_the_exorcist.

Saint Augustine of Hippo

**"S. Augustini Episcopi Confessoris Ecclesiae Doctoris"** refers to **Saint Augustine of Hippo**, who is recognized as a **bishop, confessor, and doctor of the Church**.

- **Saint Augustine of Hippo**: He was a prominent theologian and philosopher in the early Christian Church. He is best known for his works such as "Confessions" and "The City of God."

- **Episcopi**: This Latin term means "bishop."

- **Confessoris**: This term refers to someone who has confessed their faith, often enduring persecution but not to the point of martyrdom.

- **Ecclesiae Doctoris**: This means "Doctor of the Church," a title given to saints recognized for their significant contributions to theology and doctrine.

**Saint Augustine of Hippo** was a prominent theologian, philosopher, and bishop in the early Christian Church. Here are some key points about his life and contributions:

- **Birth and Early Life**: Augustine was born on **November 13, 354**, in **Thagaste, Numidia** (modern-day Souk Ahras, Algeria). His full name was **Aurelius Augustinus**¹².

- **Conversion to Christianity**: Augustine's early life was marked by a search for truth and meaning. He studied various philosophies and religions before converting to Christianity in **386 AD**. His conversion was influenced by the prayers of his mother, **Saint Monica**, and the preaching of **Saint Ambrose**.

- **Priesthood and Bishopric**: After his conversion, Augustine was ordained a priest in **391 AD** and later became the bishop of **Hippo Regius** (modern-day Annaba, Algeria) in **396 AD**. He served as bishop until his death.

- **Major Works**: Augustine is best known for his written works, which have had a profound impact on Christian theology and Western philosophy. Some of his most significant works include:

- **"Confessions"**: An autobiographical work that details his spiritual journey and conversion to Christianity.

- **"The City of God"**: A theological and philosophical treatise that addresses the relationship between Christianity and secular society.

- **"On Christian Doctrine"**: A guide to interpreting and teaching the Scriptures.

- **Theological Contributions**: Augustine's writings helped shape the development of Western Christianity. He addressed various theological issues, including the nature of God, the problem of evil, and the concept of original sin. His ideas on grace and free will have been particularly influential.

- **Legacy**: Augustine is recognized as a **Doctor of the Church** for his significant contributions to theology and doctrine. His feast day is celebrated on **August 28th**

- **Death**: Augustine died on **August 28, 430**, in Hippo Regius during the siege of the city by the Vandals.

Saint Augustine's life and works continue to be studied and revered by Christians and scholars around the world.

¹: [Wikipedia](^1^)
²: [Britannica](^2^)
³: [The Augustinians](^3^)
⁴: [New World Encyclopedia](^4^)
(1) Augustine of Hippo - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo.

(2) Saint Augustine | Biography, Philosophy, Major Works, & Facts. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Augustine.

(3) Saint Augustine of Hippo | What You Need to Know - The Augustinians. https://augustinian.org/spirituality/saint-augustine-of-hippo/.

(4) Augustine of Hippo - New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Augustine_of_Hippo.

(5) Augustine of Hippo - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo.

(6) Saint Augustine | Biography, Philosophy, Major Works, & Facts. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Augustine.

(7) Saint Augustine of Hippo | What You Need to Know - The Augustinians. https://augustinian.org/spirituality/saint-augustine-of-hippo/.

(8) Augustine of Hippo - New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Augustine_of_Hippo.

Saint Monica

The **Memorial of Saint Monica** is celebrated on **August 27**. Saint Monica is best known as the mother of Saint Augustine, one of the greatest saints in the history of the Church. She was born around **332 AD** in Thagaste, present-day Souk Ahras, Algeria, and was a member of the Berber tribe.

Saint Monica is the **patron saint** of homemakers, married women, mothers, abuse victims, alcoholics, and widows. She is also invoked against difficult marriages and difficult children. Her life was marked by her deep faith and persistent prayer, especially for the conversion of her son, Augustine, who eventually became a bishop and a Doctor of the Church.

Monica's marriage to Patricius, a pagan with a violent temper, was challenging, but her unwavering faith and virtues led to his conversion and baptism. She is remembered for her pious tears and prayers, which were mercifully accepted by God.

Saint Monica, born in Thagaste (present-day Souk Ahras, Algeria), is remembered for her unwavering faith and persistent prayers. She was married to Patricius, a pagan with a violent temper, and faced many challenges in her marriage⁴. Despite these difficulties, her virtues and faith led to Patricius' conversion and baptism.

Monica had three children who survived infancy: Augustine, Navigius, and Perpetua. She grieved heavily when Augustine fell ill and was unable to secure baptism for him. Her prayers and tears for Augustine's conversion were eventually answered, and he became a bishop and a Doctor of the Church.

Monica's life was marked by her deep faith, almsgiving, and prayer habits. She is the **patron saint** of homemakers, married women, mothers, abuse victims, alcoholics, and widows⁴. She is also invoked against difficult marriages and difficult children.

Monica died in **387 AD** in Ostia, Italy, and her feast day is celebrated on **August 27**. Her life and virtues are commemorated in the readings for her memorial, and the liturgical color for the day is white, symbolizing purity and joy.

On this memorial, the liturgical color is white, symbolizing purity and joy. The readings for the Memorial of Saint Monica reflect her life and virtues.

(1) Saint Monica, Mother of St. Augustine - My Catholic Life!. https://mycatholic.life/saints/saints-of-the-liturgical-year/st-monica-mother-of-st-augustine-august-27/.

(2) Readings for the Memorial of St. Monica - liturgies. http://www.liturgies.net/saints/monica/readings.htm.

(3) Memorial of Saint Monica - Mass Program - St. Patrick's Cathedral. https://saintpatrickscathedral.org/news/memorial-of-saint-monica-mass-program.

(4) Protected: 5 Things You Should Know About St. Monica - The Basilica of .... https://www.nationalshrine.org/blog/5-things-you-should-know-about-st-monica/.

St. Joseph Calasanctius

**St. Joseph Calasanctius** (also known as **Joseph Calasanz**) was a Spanish Catholic priest and educator, born on **September 11, 1557** in Aragon, Spain. He is the founder of the **Pious Schools**, which provided free education to poor boys. He was deeply moved by the vice and ignorance of the children of the poor in Rome and dedicated his life to their education. St. Joseph Calasanctius faced many challenges, including opposition from his own subjects and accusations to the Holy Office. Despite these difficulties, he remained hopeful and dedicated to his mission, stating, "My work was done solely for the love of God". He passed away on **August 25, 1648**.

His feast day is celebrated on **August 25**, and he is remembered for his significant contributions to education and his unwavering faith.

St. Joseph Calasanctius was born in Peralta de la Sal, in the Kingdom of Aragon, modern-day Spain. His parents were members of the nobility and devout Catholics who ensured that he was well educated and learned his catechism from a young age. He studied philosophy and law at the University of Lleida, earning a Doctorate in Laws with honors. He then studied theology in Valencia and Madrid.

Joseph sensed God's calling to become a priest at a young age. Despite initial resistance from his father, he was ordained a priest on **December 17, 1583**. He served in various capacities under different bishops, including theologian, confessor, and administrative positions.

In Rome, Joseph was deeply moved by the vice and ignorance of the children of the poor. He founded the **Pious Schools** (Ordo Clericorum Regularium Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum) to provide free education to poor boys. His vision was to offer an all-round culture, including religious education, science, math, literature, and Latin. He welcomed all students, including Jews and Protestants.

St. Joseph Calasanctius faced many challenges, including opposition from his own subjects and accusations to the Holy Office. Despite these difficulties, he remained hopeful and dedicated to his mission. He believed that education was the key to social and ecclesial renewal.

Joseph Calasanctius is remembered for his significant contributions to education and his unwavering faith. He had a vision of many children being taught by him and by a company of angels. His work was recognized and supported by Popes Clement VIII and Paul V. He was canonized by Pope Clement XIII on **July 16, 1767**.

His feast day is celebrated on **August 25**, and he is honored as the patron saint of Catholic schools, colleges, and schoolchildren.

St. Joseph Calasanctius' life and work continue to inspire many in the field of education and beyond.

(1) St. Joseph Calasanctius – Confessor | The Fatima Center. https://fatima.org/fatima-messages/saint-of-the-day/st-joseph-calasanctius-confessor/.

(2) Joseph Calasanz - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Calasanz.

(3) St. Joseph Calasanctius – Confessor | The Fatima Center. https://fatima.org/fatima-messages/saint-of-the-day/st-joseph-calasanctius-confessor/.

(4) Joseph Calasanz - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Calasanz.

(5) The Daily Mass: St Joseph Calasanz - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ixg1JOyYbCc.

(6) Ordo: Augustus 2024 - Divinum Officium. https://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/kalendar.pl.

Saint Zephyrinus

"S. Zephyrini Papæ et Martyris" refers to Saint Zephyrinus, who was a Pope and is venerated as a martyr in the Catholic Church.

He served as the Bishop of Rome from 199 to 217. His feast day is celebrated on August 26. The phrase "S. Zephyrini Papæ et Martyris" is often seen in liturgical texts, such as the Missale Romanum, indicating a Mass or liturgical celebration in his honor.

His papacy was marked by significant doctrinal controversies and schisms. Despite these challenges, he is remembered for his leadership and commitment to the Church.

He was born in Rome and succeeded Pope Victor I. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his principal advisor, Callixtus I. He is known for defending the divinity of Christ.

Zephyrinus was of humble birth and is believed to have appointed his own successor, St. Callixtus I, as his chief deacon. During his pontificate, the Roman priest St. Hippolytus opposed the spread of Monarchianism, a Trinitarian heresy that affirmed the sole deity of God the Father. Zephyrinus did not condemn Monarchianism or favor the Logos doctrine (emphasizing the distinction of the persons of the Trinity), which Hippolytus championed. This led Hippolytus to start the first schism in the history of the Christian church.

The primary source of information on Zephyrinus is Hippolytus's Philosophoumena, in which he describes the pope as a weak man "unskilled in the church's rule" and dominated by Callixtus. Hippolytus considered both men culpable for being unwilling to enter the theological debate on the Trinity.

Zephyrinus died during the persecution of Christians that was instigated by the Roman emperor Lucius Septimius Severus. Despite the controversies and challenges during his papacy, he is remembered for his leadership and commitment to the Church.

(1) Pope Zephyrinus - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus.

(2) Saint Zephyrinus | Biography, Papacy, Feast Day, & Facts. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Zephyrinus.

(3) Saint Zephyrinus | Biography, Papacy, Feast Day, & Facts. https://bing.com/search?q=Saint+Zephyrinus+biography.

(4) Pope Zephyrinus - New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Pope_Zephyrinus.

(5) Zephyrinus - Wace's Dictionary of Early Christian Biography. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/hwd/z/zephyrinus.html.

(6) Missale Romanum 1957 - S. LUDOVICI. https://www.clerus.org/bibliaclerusonline/en/bu1.htm.

(7) Ordo: Augustus 2024 - Divinum Officium. https://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/kalendar.pl.

Saint Bartholomew the Apostle

"S. Bartholomaei Apostoli" refers to **Saint Bartholomew the Apostle**. He was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ. Bartholomew is often identified with Nathanael, who appears in the Gospel according to John as being introduced to Christ by Philip.

The **Passion of Bartholomew** provides an account of his journey to India, where he encountered temples of Astaroth and Beireth, demons who were worshipped as gods by the local people.

Several miracles attributed to Saint Bartholome :

1. **Healing and Exorcism**: As an apostle, Bartholomew was given the power to perform miracles, including healing the sick, raising the dead, cleansing those who have leprosy, and driving out demons. These miracles were performed during his time with Jesus and continued after Jesus' death and resurrection.

2. **Miracles in India**: Tradition narrates that Bartholomew served as a missionary in India, where he left behind a copy of the Gospel of Matthew. During his time in India, he is said to have performed numerous miracles.

3. **Miracles in Italy**: In the town of Lipari, Italy, a miracle is attributed to Saint Bartholomew. Each year on his feast day, the townspeople carry a statue of him from inside the cathedral around the town. One morning, the statue became heavy, and each time men tried to carry it, the statue became heavier until it was too heavy to carry.

From the Breviary The Apostle Bartholomew was a Galilean. In the division of the world among the Apostles it fell to his lot to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ in hither India. He went thither and preached to those nations the coming of the Lord Jesus, according to the Gospel of St. Matthew. When he had turned many in that province to Jesus Christ, and had endured many toils and woes, he came into the Greater Armenia.There he brought to the Christian faith Polymius the King, and his wife, and likewise the inhabitants of twelve cities. This stirred up a great hatred against him among the priests of that nation. They so inflamed against the Apostle, Astyages the brother of King Polymius, that he savagely ordered Bartholomew to be flayed alive and beheaded; under the which martyrdom he gave up his soul to God.His body was buried at the town of Albanopolis in the Greater Armenia, where he had suffered. It was afterwards taken to the Island of Lipari, and thence carried to Benevento. Lastly, the Emperor Otto III brought it to Rome, where it was laid in the Church dedicated to God in his name on the Island in the Tiber.

These accounts are based on tradition and apocryphal texts. The New Testament provides little information about Bartholomew's specific miracles. His life and works have inspired Christians for centuries, and he is venerated in various Christian traditions.

Bartholomew expelled a demon from a man named Pseustius, which attracted the attention of Polymius, the king of the region. After Bartholomew healed the king's daughter, the king tried to send him treasures and clothing, but Bartholomew refused, saying the gifts were for people who wanted earthly things. He then delivered a lesson on the Son of God as born from Mary, the first virgin.

In the Roman Catholic Church, the feast day of Saint Bartholomew is celebrated on August 24th. The Roman Breviary includes prayers and readings for this feast day, such as the "Laudes S. Bartholomaei Apostoli".

The details about Saint Bartholomew's life and works are based on tradition and apocryphal texts, as the New Testament provides little information about him. His life and works have inspired Christians for centuries, and he is venerated in various Christian traditions.

(1) Who Was Bartholomew the Apostle? The Beginner’s Guide. https://overviewbible.com/bartholomew-the-apostle/.

(2) Bartholomew the Apostle - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle.

(3) Bartholomew the Apostle - Path to Sainthood. https://www.thepathtosainthood.com/post/bartholomew-the-apostle.

(4) St. Bartholomew the Apostle — From Skeptic to Believer in a Moment. https://www.ncregister.com/blog/st-bartholomew-the-apostle-from-skeptic-to-believer-in-a-moment.

(5) Story of Saint Bartholomew | English | Story of Saints. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w096QHS_mBc.

(6) Passion of Bartholomew – NASSCAL. https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/passion-of-bartholomew/.

(7) Laudes S. Bartholomæi Apostoli. Roman Breviary, 1960 (English). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GY3vvbq1IsY.

(8) Biografía de San Bartolomé Apóstol. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPefSzW3lWI.

(9) S. Bartholomæi, Apostoli II. classis - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wq6Taq7QTlw.

Saint Philip Benizi

"S. Philippi Benitii Confessoris" refers to Saint Philip Benizi, who was a confessor.

He was a member of the Servite Order, a religious community formally known as the Order of Servants of Mary. Saint Philip Benizi is celebrated for his humility, preaching, and efforts in spreading the Servite Order throughout Europe during the 13th century.

The phrase "S. Philippi Benitii Confessoris: Missa 'Justus'" refers to the Mass celebrated in his honor. The term "Justus" is often used in the context of the Mass to refer to the righteous or just, which aligns with the virtues associated with Saint Philip Benizi.

His feast day is celebrated on August 23rd.

Saint Philip Benizi, also known as Filippo Benizzi, was born on August 15, 1233, in the Florentine district of Oltrarno, Italy, into the noble family of Benizi. He initially studied medicine and philosophy at the University of Paris and Padua, intending to become a doctor. However, he felt a call towards religious life and joined the Servite Order, an order dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in 1253.

From the Breviary
From the noble family of the Benizi, Philip was called by the most Blessed Virgin, in an extraordinary vision, to enter the recently established Order of her Servants. First he withdrew to a cave on Monte Senario, where he led a life made hard by continual castigation of the body, but sweetened by meditation on the sufferings of Christ the Lord. Then he established sodalities of the Seven Sorrows of the Mother of God throughout almost all Europe and a great part of Asia. He was named General of his Order against his will and, burning eagerly with the ardor of divine love, he traveled about through many of the cities of Italy, settling the disputes which flared up among the citizens, calling back many men to the obedience of the Roman Pontiff and leading even the most abandoned men to repentance. Finally at Todi in the year 1285, embracing the image of Christ the Lord hanging on the Cross, which he used to call his 'book', he died a most holy death. Pope Clement X added him to the number of Saints.

He served as a lay brother until 1259, when his superiors directed him to be ordained. He displayed the utmost diligence in his service and was known for his deep devotion to the Virgin Mary. He often retired into a cavern near the church to meditate. His humility, compassion, and unwavering dedication to the Catholic faith were well recognized.

In 1267, he was elected the general superior of the Order of the Servites. During his time in the Servite Order, he served as a priest, a superior, a prior general, and a peacemaker. His tireless efforts in reconciling warring factions, healing the sick, and spreading the teachings of Catholicism earned him the respect and admiration of many.

Saint Philip Benizi passed away on August 22, 1285, during the Octave of the Assumption at Todi, where he is buried in the church of San Filippo Benizi. He was canonized as a saint in 1671 by Pope Clement X.

Today, he is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on August 23. His teachings and example continue to inspire Catholics around the world, reminding them of the importance of humility, service, and devotion to the Catholic faith.

(1) Philip Benizi de Damiani - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Benizi_de_Damiani.

(2) Saint Philip Benizi - Catholicism. https://spiritualculture.org/saint-philip-benizi/.

(3) Saint Philip Benizi | SPB Website. https://www.philipbenizi.com/saint-philip-benizi.

(4) Philip Benizi, Saint | Catholic Answers Encyclopedia. https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/philip-benizi-saint.

(5) The Daily Mass: St Philip Benizi - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRU-f-qxhAA.

(6) A Short History of the Benedictines in the Philippines. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llVaKkJR15E.

Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The phrase "Immaculati Cordis Beatae Mariae Virginis" is Latin for "Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary". This is a Catholic devotion which refers to the interior life of Mary, her joys and sorrows, her virtues and hidden perfections, and above all, her virginal love for God the Father, her maternal love for her son Jesus Christ, and her motherly and compassionate love for all mankind.

Interestingly, this phrase is also associated with the **Claretians**, officially named the Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Latin: Congregatio Missionariorum Filiorum Immaculati Cordis Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviated CMF).

The Claretians is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men headquartered in Rome. They were founded on July 16, 1849, by Fr. Antonio María Claret y Clará, C.M.F. They are active as missionaries worldwide, in 70 countries on five continents. The Congregation has a particular devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.

There is a specific feast day for the devotion to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is celebrated on the **Saturday following the Second Sunday after Pentecost**. However, it was originally instituted to be celebrated annually on **August 22** by Pope Pius XII in 1944. Later, in 1969, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration to its current date. Please note that the dates may vary depending on the liturgical calendar.

(1) Immaculate Heart of Mary - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary.

(2) Claretians - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claretians.

(3) Inmaculado Corazón de María - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmaculado_Coraz%C3%B3n_de_Mar%C3%ADa.

From Psalm 48 Douay Rheims

They that trust in their own strength, * and glory in the multitude of their riches,

No brother can redeem, nor shall man redeem: * he shall not give to God his ransom,

Nor the price of the redemption of his soul: * and shall labour for ever, and shall still live unto the end.

He shall not see destruction, when he shall see the wise dying: * the senseless and the fool shall perish together:

And they shall leave their riches to strangers: * and their sepulchres shall be their houses for ever.

Their dwelling places to all generations: * they have called their lands by their names.

And man when he was in honour did not understand; * he is compared to senseless beasts, and is become like to them.

Saint Jane Frances de Chantal

****Saint Jane Frances de Chantal, also known as **Jeanne-Françoise Frémyot, Baroness of Chantal**.

She was a French Catholic noble widow and nun who was beatified in 1751 and canonized in 1767.

She founded the **Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary**.

She is honored by the Church for the holiness of her youth, her married life, her widowhood, and her life in religion.

Her influence has largely confined itself to the Visitation order she founded and to the network of schools sponsored by the Visitation nuns.

Saint Jane Frances de Chantal, born Jeanne-Françoise Frémyot, was a French Catholic noble widow and nun. She was born on **28 January 1572** in Dijon, Burgundy, France, and died on **13 December 1641**.

She was the daughter of the royalist president of the Parliament of Burgundy, Bénigne Frémyot, and his wife, Margaret de Berbisey. Her mother died when Jane was just 18 months old. Her father became the main influence on her education, and she developed into a woman of beauty and refinement.

In 1592, she married the Baron de Chantal when she was 20 and they lived in the feudal Castle of Bourbilly. They hosted hunting parties and other entertainments for the neighboring nobles. Their first two children died shortly after birth. When her older sister Margaret died, the baroness brought her three small children to Bourbilly. She and her husband subsequently had a son and three daughters.

Baron de Chantal was occasionally away from home on service to the king. Chantal gained a reputation as an excellent manager of the estates of her husband, as well as of her difficult father-in-law, while also providing alms and nursing care to needy neighbors. In 1601, the Baron was accidentally killed in a hunting accident¹. Left a widow at 28, with four children, the broken-hearted baroness took a vow of chastity.

She founded the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary. The religious order accepted women who were rejected by other orders because of poor health or age. When people criticized her, Chantal famously said, "What do you want me to do? I like sick people myself; I'm on their side."¹ During its first eight years, the new order also was unusual in its public outreach, in contrast to most female religious who remained cloistered and adopted strict ascetic practices.

She was beatified in 1751 and canonized in 1767. She is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. Her major shrine is in Annecy, Savoy. Her feast day is on 12 August. She is the patron saint of forgotten people, parents separated from children, and widows. She is also invoked against in-law problems.

(1) Jane Frances de Chantal - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Frances_de_Chantal.

(2) Our Patroness - St. Jane Frances de Chantal Catholic Church. https://www.stjane.org/about-us/our-patroness/.

(3) De Chantal, Jeanne-Françoise Frémyot, baronne | Internet Encyclopedia .... https://iep.utm.edu/jeanne-francoice-fremyot-de-chantal/.

(4) St. Jane Frances de Chantal (21 August) ~ Housewife & Mother Superior. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWy4JdtSiqk. (5) Santa Juana Francisca Fremiot de Chantal, fundadora de la Orden de la Visitación de Nuestra Señora. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0ZGwwZ-4MI.

(6) Cantique en l'honneur de Sainte Jeanne-Françoise Frémiot de Chantal. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtPdgSug51M.

(7) The Daily Mass: St Jane Frances de Chantal - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tzEXOcxf94.

(8) undefined. https://sensusfidelium.us/the-liturgical-year-dom-prosper-gueranger/august/august-21-st-jane-frances-fremiot-de-chantal-widow/.

(9) undefined. https://institute-christ-king.org/vocations/sisters.

(10) undefined. https://www.olmcfssp.org/index.php/olmc.

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, often referred to as Saint Bernard, was a significant figure in the 12th century. He was born around 1090 in Fontaine-lès-Dijon, Burgundy, Kingdom of France. He is venerated as an abbot, mystic, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through the nascent Cistercian Order.

Bernard was the third of seven children, and he received an especially good education in response to a local man’s prophecy that he was destined for great things. After his mother’s death, Bernard began to consider a life of solitude and prayer. He joined the monastery at Citeaux, near Dijon, which was a group of monks who had gathered in 1098 with the intention of returning to St. Benedict’s original rule of monasticism from the sixth century.

Three years into his life as a monk of Citeaux, Bernard received a commission from his abbot to become the head of a new monastery, practicing the same rule of life. This new monastery was located in a place Bernard himself dubbed “Clairvaux,” or “Clear Valley”.

Bernard played a significant role in the first general chapter of the Cistercian order, which drew up its constitutions and rules. He also outlined the rule of life for the Knights Templars, the Catholic military order charged with the defense of the Holy Land.

Bernard passed away on August 20, 1153, at Clairvaux Abbey, Clairvaux, Champagne, Kingdom of France. He was canonized on January 18, 1174, by Pope Alexander III. In 1830, Pope Pius VIII declared him a Doctor of the Church.

(1) Bernard of Clairvaux - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux.

(2) St. Bernard of Clairvaux: monastic reformer and adviser to popes. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/23144/st-bernard-of-clairvaux-monastic-reformer-and-adviser-to-popes.

(3) St. Bernard of Clairvaux - Christian Classics Ethereal Library. https://ccel.org/ccel/bernard.

(4) St. Bernard of Clairvaux - Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Bernard-of-Clairvaux.

(5) Getty Images. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/portrait-of-saint-bernard-de-clairvaux-french-abbot-and-news-photo/526265158.

Saint John Eudes

"S. Joannis Eudes Confessoris" refers to **Saint John Eudes**, a confessor in the Roman Catholic Church². He was born on November 14, 1601, in Ri, near Argentan, France, and died on August 19, 1680, in Caen². He was canonized in 1925, and his feast day is celebrated on August 19².

Saint John Eudes was the founder of two Roman Catholic religious orders: the Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge and the Congregation of Jesus and Mary (C.J.M.; also known as the Eudist Fathers).

The term "S. Joannis Eudes Confessoris" is often used in the context of liturgical texts and prayers, such as the Proprium Sanctorum pro aliquibus locis. It appears that there are also specific prayers and hymns dedicated to Saint John Eudes, as indicated by references to the Graduale Romanum.

He was a professed member of the Oratory of Jesus until 1643 and the author of the proper for the Mass and Divine Office of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus Christ and the Blessed Virgin. He was an ardent proponent of the Sacred Hearts and dedicated himself to its promotion and celebration. The Masses he compiled for both Sacred Hearts were both first celebrated within his lifetime. He preached missions across France, including Paris and Versailles, while earning recognition as a popular evangelist and confessor.

Saint John Eudes was also a prolific writer and wrote on the Sacred Hearts despite opposition from the Jansenists. His sermons were powerful and uplifting, always aimed at leading souls to God and promoting genuine conversion. Additionally, he actively worked against Jansenism, a heresy that denied the universality of Christ's saving grace and promoted a rigorous moral and religious stance.

He was canonized as a saint in mid-1925 and his supporters are now petitioning to have him named a Doctor of the Church. Pope Pius X later approved two miracles attributed to Eudes' intercession and beatified him on 25 April 1909 in Saint Peter's Basilica. The ratification of two more miracles enabled Pope Pius XI to preside over Eudes' canonization on 31 May 1925.

Saint John Eudes contracted the plague while ministering to the sick and dying, but he recovered miraculously after a short time. He continued his missionary duties into his old age, despite the increased physical demands of such an active life. He died at the age of 78, after preaching outdoors for more than nine weeks in the harsh winter.

(1) Saint John Eudes | Founder, Congregation of Jesus & Mary, Missionary .... https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Eudes.

(2) John Eudes - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eudes.

(3) Saint John Eudes - Catholic Saint | Saint for a Minute: Blesseds & Saints. https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_john_eudes.

(4) 6 Facts About St. John Eudes and the Sacred & Immaculate Hearts. https://www.catholiccompany.com/magazine/6-facts-about-st-john-eudes-and-the-sacred-immaculate-hearts/.

(5) THE FOUR FOUNDATIONS OF SANCTITY - CATHOLIC TRADITION. http://catholictradition.org/Classics/eudes.htm.

(6) Saint John Eudes – EWTN Global Catholic Television Network. https://ewtn.co.uk/article-saint-john-eudes/.

(7) Saint Spotlight: St. John Eudes - The Catholic Witness. https://www.catholicwitness.org/saint-spotlight-st-john-eudes/. (8) THE SPIRITUAL TEACHING OF St. JOHN EUDES BY CHARLES LEBRUN, C.J.M.. https://archive.org/download/st-john-eudes-collection_202109/St%20John%20Eudes%20Collection.pdf.

(9) Saint John Eudes | Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-john-eudes/.

(10) John Eudes - Catholic Saints Day. https://catholicsaints.day/john-eudes/.

(11) S. Joannis Eudes, Confessoris — Die 19 Augusti Proprium Sanctorum pro .... https://institute-christ-king.org/uploads/music/sanctorum/MassFoJohnEudesAlt0819_lg.pdf.

(12) Ad Completorium - S. Joannis Eudes Confessoris ~ III. classis - IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt26409129/.

(13) Laudes S. Joannis Eudes Confessoris. Roman Breviary, 1960 (English). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=678cgEYUQuo.

murmuring

In the context of the Bible, "murmuring" is often viewed as a form of complaining or expressing discontent towards God. It signifies a lack of trust, faith, and gratitude towards God’s provisions and plans. The act of murmuring is seen as rebellious and disrespectful towards God’s authority and sovereignty.

In some places in the Bible, "murmur" translates a Hebrew word (raghan) which suggests the malicious whispering of slander. In the New Testament, "murmur" renders two different words, namely, gogguzo, and embrimaomai. The latter word suggests indignation and fault-finding.

Murmuring can lead to consequences such as delayed blessings or facing challenges until a change in attitude occurs. Therefore, many verses in the Bible advise against murmuring and encourage trust and contentment in God's plans.

(1) Biblical Insights into the Meaning of Murmuring. https://johnbaptistchurch.org/biblical-meaning-names/murmuring.

(2) Definition Of Murmur In The Bible - Eternal Bible. https://eternalbible.org/definition-of-murmur-in-the-bible/.

(3) Topical Bible: Murmur. https://biblehub.com/topical/m/murmur.htm.

(4) 20 Important Bible Verses About Murmuring (God Hates Murmuring!). https://biblereasons.com/murmuring/.

(5) 12 Bible verses about Murmuring - Online Bible. https://bible.knowing-jesus.com/topics/Murmuring.

Blessed is the man who hath not walked in the counsel of the ungodly

Blessed is the man who hath not walked in the counsel of the ungodly, nor stood in the way of sinners, * nor sat in the chair of pestilence.

But his will is in the law of the Lord, * and on his law he shall meditate day and night.

And he shall be like a tree which is planted near the running waters, * which shall bring forth its fruit, in due season.

And his leaf shall not fall off: * and all whatsoever he shall do shall prosper.

Not so the wicked, not so: * but like the dust, which the wind driveth from the face of the earth.

Therefore the wicked shall not rise again in judgment: * nor sinners in the council of the just.

For the Lord knoweth the way of the just: * and the way of the wicked shall perish.

This text came from **Psalm 1** of the Bible, which is a wisdom psalm. It contrasts the way of the righteous and the wicked. Here's a brief explanation of the verses:

- The **righteous** are described as those who do not follow the advice of the wicked, stand in the way of sinners, or sit in the company of mockers. Instead, they delight in the law of the Lord and meditate on it day and night. They are compared to a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season and whose leaf does not wither. Whatever they do prospers.

- The **wicked**, however, are not so. They are like chaff that the wind blows away. Therefore, they will not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous.

- The Lord watches over the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked leads to destruction.

This psalm serves as an introduction to the entire Book of Psalms, emphasizing the blessings for those who follow God's law and the doom for those who do not. It encourages readers to continue in righteousness and avoid the path of wickedness.

Saint Hyacinth

"S. Hyacinthi Confessoris" refers to **Saint Hyacinth**, a confessor of the faith. He is also known as the **Apostle of the North** and the **Thaumaturgus** of his age. He was from the ancient house of the counts of Oldrovans, one of the most illustrious of Silesia, a province at that time united to Poland, now to Bohemia, or Germany.

The term "Confessoris" indicates that he was a confessor of the faith, meaning he lived a holy life and confessed his faith in Christ by his words and actions.

The phrase "S. Hyacinthi Confessoris" is often used in liturgical contexts, such as Vespers, which is a sunset evening prayer service in the Western Catholic Church. The feast day of Saint Hyacinth is celebrated on **August 17**. It is also referred to as a **double within the octave** of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and octave day of St Lawrence.

Saint Hyacinth, also known as Święty Jacek or Jacek Odrowąż in Polish, was a Polish Dominican priest and missionary who worked to reform women's monasteries in his native Poland. He was born around 1185 at the castle of Lanka, at Kamień, in Silesia, Poland. He was from a noble family, the son of Eustachius Koński of the noble family of Odrowąż.

From the Breviary: Hyacinth was a Pole, born of noble Christian parents at the villa of Kamin in the Bishopric of Breslau. He was enrolled among the canons of Krakow and excelled them all in his singularly devout way of life and in his learning. At Rome, he was received into the Order of Preachers by its founder, St. Dominic; and to the end of his days, his virginity intact, he held to the perfect rule of life which he had learned from St. Dominic. He was sent back to his own country and built six monasteries of his Order. It is unbelievable how much he accomplished by preaching the word of God and by the innocency of his life, made illustrious by numerous miracles. Among these is this particularly remarkable miracle: he crossed over the river Vistula near Visograd when it was in flood, taking his companions with him, not by boat but on his cloak spread out over the waters. He persevered in his wonderful way of life for nearly forty years after his profession. On the day of the Virgin's Assumption in the year of salvation 1257, he gave up his soul to God. He was numbered among the Saints by Clement VIII.

Hyacinth received an impressive education, becoming a Doctor of Law and Divinity. He studied in notable cities such as Kraków, Prague, and Bologna. After his studies, he was given a prebend at Sandomierz, a medieval center of administration in the southeastern part of Poland.

In 1220, he traveled to Rome with his uncle, Ivo Konski, the Bishop of Krakow. There, he met Saint Dominic and was profoundly influenced by him. He decided to join the Order of Preachers immediately, receiving his habit from Dominic himself. After his novitiate, he made his religious profession and was made superior of the little band of missionaries sent to Poland to preach.

In Poland, the new preachers were well received, and their sermons produced a deep conversion in the people. Hyacinth also founded communities in Sandomir, Kracow, and at Plocko on the Vistula in Moravia. He extended his missionary work through Prussia, Pomerania, Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Russia, reaching the shores of the Black Sea.

Saint Hyacinth passed away on August 15, 1257, in Krakow. He is venerated as a patron saint of Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus, as well as of missions, missionaries, and sailors. His feast day is celebrated on August 17.

(1) Hyacinth of Poland - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyacinth_of_Poland.

(2) St. Hyacinth - Catholic News Agency. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-hyacinth-566.

(3) Feast Day of Saint Hyacinth: The Polish Dominican Friar and Missionary. https://www.catholic365.com/article/30573/feast-day-of-saint-hyacinth-the-polish-dominican-friar-and-missionary.html.

(4) St. Hyacinth – Dominican Friars Foundation. https://dominicanfriars.org/st-hyacinth/.

(5) Saint Hyacinth – St. Hyacinth Basilica. https://www.sthyacinthbasilica.org/saint-hyacinth/.

(6) St. Hyacinth, Confessor - Collection at Bartleby.com. https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/lives-of-the-saints/volume-viii-august/st-hyacinth-confessor. (7) Ad Vesperas - S. Hyacinthi Confessoris ~ III. classis. https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/2545e275-b922-4242-b3c7-08c3cb2087fd/episodes/348c2f79-3297-4e2a-aa9d-3db1fd38ed2f/praying-the-breviary-ad-vesperas---s-hyacinthi-confessoris-iii-classis.

(8) S. Hyacinthi Confessoris (August 17) - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0okuKI5udiXTQMUwfBfS6_8i1zoOSZEX.

(9) Ad Vesperas - S. Hyacinthi Confessoris ~ III. classis - IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt26408911/.

(10) undefined. https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/praying-the-breviary/support.

In the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The Latin phrase "In Assumptione Beatæ Mariæ Virginis" translates to "In the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary" in English. This phrase is often associated with the Feast of the Assumption, which is one of the oldest and most significant celebrations of the Virgin Mary in Christian tradition.

The Feast of the Assumption commemorates the belief in the bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary into heaven. This event is seen as a singular participation in her Son's Resurrection and an anticipation of the resurrection of other Christians. The phrase "In Assumptione Beatæ Mariæ Virginis" is often used in liturgical texts and hymns related to this feast.

For example, the officium for the solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary begins with "Gaudeamus omnes in Domino, diem festum celebrantes sub honore Mariae Virginis: de cuius Assumptione gaudent Angeli, et collaudant Filium Dei." This translates to "Let us all be joyful in the Lord, celebrating this festive day in honor of the Virgin Mary, whose assumption the angels enjoy, and they praise the Son of God". This highlights the joy and celebration associated with Mary's Assumption into heaven.

The Assumption of Mary is a significant event in Catholic theology for several reasons:

1. **Participation in Christ's Resurrection**: The Assumption of Mary is seen as a singular participation in her Son’s Resurrection and an anticipation of the resurrection of other Christians. This means that Mary’s Assumption is not just a special event in her own life, but it also points toward the resurrection that awaits all faithful Christians.

2. **Model of Christian Hope**: Mary’s role as the supreme model to follow in our common vocation to holiness and discipleship finds its ultimate triumph and reward in her assumption. Our certainty of Mary’s return to God, body and soul, prefigures our own resurrection and final union with God.

3. **Unparalleled Maternal Bond**: By conceiving Christ through the Holy Spirit and giving human flesh to the Word made flesh, Mary has an unparalleled maternal bond to the Son of God. Her Assumption manifests the theological reality that the woman who bore God Incarnate in her womb is most perfectly united to Him in the glory of heaven.

4. **Strengthening Belief in Resurrection**: Pope Pius expressed in his encyclical Munificentissimus Deus the hope that the belief in the bodily assumption of the virgin Mary into heaven "will make our belief in our own resurrection stronger and render it more effective".

5. **Historical Significance**: The doctrine of the Assumption of Mary began with a historical event to which Scripture alludes and that been believed in the Church for 2,000 years. It was passed down in the oral tradition of the Church and developed over the centuries, but it was always believed by the Catholic faithful.

In summary, the Assumption of Mary is important in Catholic theology as it signifies Mary's unique role and relationship with Christ, serves as a model of hope for all Christians, and strengthens the belief in resurrection. It is a doctrine deeply rooted in the history and tradition of the Church.

(1) The Assumption of Mary: History and Significance. https://www.catholicshare.com/the-assumption-of-mary-history-and-significance/.

(2) Mary’s Assumption | Simply Catholic. https://www.simplycatholic.com/marys-assumption/.

(3) Why is the Assumption of Mary Important? Here's 21 Reasons…. https://thecatechismguy.com/why-is-the-assumption-of-mary-important/.

(4) Assumption of Mary - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary.

(5) The Assumption of Mary in History | Catholic Answers. https://www.catholic.com/magazine/online-edition/the-assumption-of-mary-in-history.

(6) What Is the Assumption of Mary? Origins of this Catholic Doctrine. https://bing.com/search?q=importance+of+Mary%27s+assumption+in+Catholic+theology.

(7) Gaudeamus O.P. (In Assumptione Beatae Mariae Virginis). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOCSMfYjduc.

(8) Mary’s Assumption | Simply Catholic. https://www.simplycatholic.com/marys-assumption/.

(9) ASSUMPTIO BEATAE MARIAE VIRGINIS - Karl Rahner Society. https://www.karlrahnersociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mary-Mother-of-the-Lord-narrative-summary-of-the-text.pdf.

(10) undefined. https://gregobase.selapa.net/chant.ph.

(11) undefined. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santi_G.

Maximilian Kolbe

Saint Maximilian Kolbe, born as Raymund Kolbe on January 8, 1894, in Zduńska Wola, which was then part of the Russian Empire, is venerated in the Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, and Lutheran Church. He was a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscan friar.

Saint Maximilian Kolbe is best known for his act of supreme sacrifice during World War II. He volunteered to die in place of a man named Franciszek Gajowniczek in the German death camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland. His selfless act of charity led to his death on August 14, 1941.

He was beatified on October 17, 1971, by Pope Paul VI and canonized on October 10, 1982, by Pope John Paul II. Pope John Paul II declared him a martyr of charity¹ and "the patron of our difficult century". His feast day is celebrated on August 14, the day of his martyrdom.

In 1906, young Kolbe had a vision of the Virgin Mary in which she offered him a white crown and a red crown and asked which he would accept. Understanding the white to represent a life of purity and the red to represent martyrdom, he said he would accept them both. This vision deeply affected him, and the following year he and his elder brother joined the Franciscan Conventuals.

In 1912, he went to Rome, where he studied theology and philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University. In 1917, he founded the sodality (i.e., devotional association) of the Militia of Mary Immaculate, thus making a significant contribution to the international Marian movement. In 1918, he was ordained a priest.

Returning to Poland, he established the popular Roman Catholic periodical Rycerz Niepokalanej (“The Knight of Mary Immaculate”) and in 1927 founded the City of Mary Immaculate (Niepokalanów), a religious center, that eventually attracted some 700 friars and workers. A fervent devotee of the Virgin Mary, he later founded sister institutions in Japan and India.

Upon his return to Poland, Kolbe became superior of the City of Mary Immaculate and director of Poland’s chief Catholic publishing complex. In 1938, the center started its own radio station. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1939 for his anti-Nazism but was later released. He and the remaining brothers used the center to shelter an estimated 2,000–3,000 Polish refugees, the majority of whom were Jewish, and continued to publish anti-Nazi publications.

He was again arrested in February 1941 on charges of aiding Jews and the Polish underground. He was imprisoned at Warsaw and then shipped to Auschwitz. There he continued his priestly ministry, including hearing confessions and holding mass with smuggled bread, for which he was subjected to beatings by the guards.

In Auschwitz, he volunteered to die in place of a man named Franciszek Gajowniczek, who cried out, "My wife! My children!"². Kolbe argued he was a Catholic priest and older than Gajowniczek, 41. The deputy commander accepted the offer. Kolbe and others were locked up in the "starvation bunker" without food and water. After they had been starved and deprived of water for two weeks, only Kolbe remained alive. The prison authorities, who wanted the bunker emptied, made short work of Kolbe on August 14, 1941, with a lethal injection of carbolic acid. Kolbe is said to have raised his left arm and calmly waited for the injection.

Saint Maximilian Kolbe's life and martyrdom are a testament to the power of selfless love and the strength of the human spirit. His story continues to inspire millions around the world. Today, we remember and honor his sacrifice. May his example continue to guide us in our daily lives.

Saint Maximilian Kolbe is also known as the patron saint of amateur radio operators, drug addicts, political prisoners, families, journalists, and prisoners. He founded and supervised the monastery of Niepokalanów near Warsaw, operated an amateur-radio station (SP3RN), and founded or ran several other organizations and publications.

His life and martyrdom are a testament to the power of selfless love and the strength of the human spirit. His story continues to inspire millions around the world. Today, we remember and honor his sacrifice. May his example continue to guide us in our daily lives.

(1) Saint Maksymilian Maria Kolbe | Biography, Facts, & Death. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Maksymilian-Maria-Kolbe.

(2) St. Maximilian Kolbe: martyr of supreme sacrifice of life. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2021-08/saint-maximilian-kolbe-martyr-august14-1941-80-years.html.

(3) Maximilian Kolbe - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe.

(4) St. Maximilian Kolbe: Martyr of Auschwitz | Franciscan Media. https://www.franciscanmedia.org/st-anthony-messenger/st-maximilian-kolbe-martyr-of-auschwitz/.

(5) Saint Maksymilian Maria Kolbe | Biography, Facts, & Death. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Maksymilian-Maria-Kolbe.

(6) Saint Maximilian Kolbe - Catholic News Agency. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/st-maximillian-kolbe-560.

(7) Getty Images. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/maximilian-kolbe-sculpted-by-andrew-tanser-one-of-ten-new-news-photo/830038334.

From Psalm 38 Douay Rheims

O Lord, make me know my end.

And what is the number of my days: * that I may know what is wanting to me.

Behold thou hast made my days measurable: * and my substance is as nothing before thee.

And indeed all things are vanity: * every man living.

Surely man passeth as an image: * yea, and he is disquieted in vain.

He storeth up: * and he knoweth not for whom he shall gather these things.

And now what is my hope? Is it not the Lord? * And my substance is with thee.

Deliver thou me from all my iniquities: * thou hast made me a reproach to the fool.

Saints Hippolytus and Cassian

"Ss. Hippolyti et Cassiani Martyrum" refers to the feast day of Saints Hippolytus and Cassian, who are celebrated as martyrs in the Christian tradition.

- **Saint Hippolytus** is one of the saints associated with Saint Lawrence, who baptized him, and whom he followed to martyrdom in 258.

Saint Hippolytus of Rome was a significant Christian theologian during the second and third centuries. Here are some key details about his life and work:

- **Birth and Death**: He was born around 170 AD and died around 235 AD.

- **Veneration**: He is venerated in the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, and Anglican Communion.

- **Feast Day**: His feast day is celebrated on August 13th in the Catholic Church, and on January 30th in the Orthodox Church.

- **Patronage**: He is the patron saint of Bibbiena, Italy; Mexico City, and horses.

- **Theological Work**: Hippolytus was a disciple of Irenaeus of Lyon and was a strong opponent of opinions he considered heretical. He championed the Logos doctrine of the Greek apologists, most notably Justin Martyr, which distinguished the Father from the Logos ("Word").

- **Antipope**: He holds the distinction of being the first antipope, but he died in 235 reconciled to the Church as a martyr and is recognized as a saint.

- **Writings**: His most important work is considered to be Philosophumena (one part of a larger work called Refutation of All Heresies), which seeks to show that the various Christian heresies are traceable to false pagan philosophies.

It's worth noting that much about Hippolytus remains elusive to scholars and historians, including his exact community of origin. Despite this, his contributions to early Christian theology are widely recognized and respected.

(1) Hippolytus of Rome - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome.

(2) Hippolytus of Rome - New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hippolytus_of_Rome.

(3) Saint Hippolytus of Rome | Early Christian Leader, Antipope. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Hippolytus-of-Rome.

(4) Saint Hippolytus (170-235) | Saint Mary's Press. https://www.smp.org/resourcecenter/resource/7299/.

- **Saint Cassian** was a schoolmaster, and the official who sentenced him to death for being a Christian had him murdered by his own pupils.

Saint Cassian of Imola, also known as Cassiano, was a renowned schoolmaster at Imola, Italy during the early 4th century. He was known for his expertise in teaching handwriting, but he also took every opportunity to share his faith in Christianity with his students.

During one of the imperial persecutions of Christians, Cassian was ordered to sacrifice to pagan gods. However, he adamantly refused to renounce his faith³. As a result, he was handed over to his pagan students, who were ordered to execute him³⁴. In a distressing turn of events, the children whom he once taught reluctantly carried out this gruesome act, stabbing him to death.

Cassian's death was a result of being tied to a post, tortured, and stabbed to death with iron styles, which were commonly used as pencils on wax tablets. He was buried in the catacombs of Rome, but later a sepulchre was built over his place of burial in the 4th century. In the 5th century, a basilica was constructed in place of the sepulchre. In 1175, Cassian's relics were transferred from Rome and enshrined in the crypt of the cathedral in Imola, where they remain to this day.

Saint Cassian of Imola serves as an inspiration for his unwavering commitment to his faith, even in the face of persecution and betrayal by those he taught. His courage and martyrdom continue to be celebrated and remembered by the faithful, especially those involved in education and clerical professions.

(1) Saint Cassian of Imola - Catholic Saint | Saint for a Minute: Blesseds .... https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_cassian_of_imola.

(2) Cassian of Imola - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassian_of_Imola.

(3) . https://bing.com/search?q=Saint+Cassian+schoolmaster.

(4) St. Cassian School. https://www.stcassianschool.org/.

Their feast day is celebrated on **August 13th**¹. The liturgy for their feast day includes readings from the Psalms and the New Testament, prayers (collects), and other elements of the Mass. It's a day to remember their faith and sacrifice.

(1) AUGUST 13, STS. HIPPOLYTUS & CASSIAN, MARTYRS - Extraordinary Form. https://extraordinaryform.org/propers/0813StsHippolytus&CassianMartyrsD20.pdf.

(2) PROPER OF THE MASS (aug13pom.htm) - DailyCatholic. http://www.dailycatholic.org/issue/04Aug/aug13pom.htm.

(3) Ordo: Augustus 2024 - Divinum Officium. https://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/kalendar.pl.

(4) Officium sanctorum martyrum Hippolyti, et Cassiani, patronorum hujus .... https://archive.org/details/officiumsanctoru00cath.

Saint Clare of Assisi

"S. Claræ Virginis" is Latin for "Saint Clare the Virgin". Saint Clare of Assisi was one of the first followers of Saint Francis of Assisi. She founded the Order of Poor Ladies, a monastic religious order for women in the Franciscan tradition, and wrote their Rule of Life, the first set of monastic guidelines known to have been written by a woman.

Following her death, the order she founded was renamed in her honor as the Order of Saint Clare, commonly referred to today as the Poor Clares. Her feast day is on August 11.

Saint Clare of Assisi, born Chiara Offreduccio (16 July 1194 – 11 August 1253), was one of the first followers of Francis of Assisi. She was deeply influenced by the teachings of St. Francis and founded the Order of Poor Ladies, a monastic religious order for women in the Franciscan tradition. This order was different from any other order or convent because it followed a rule of strict poverty.

Clare wrote their Rule of Life, the first set of monastic guidelines known to have been written by a woman. Following her death, the order she founded was renamed in her honor as the Order of Saint Clare, commonly referred to today as the Poor Clares. Her feast day is on 11 August.

Clare was born in Assisi to the Offreduccio household during the High Middle Ages, the eldest daughter of Favarone or Favorino Sciffi, Count of Sasso-Rosso, and his wife Ortolana. Traditional accounts say that Clare's father was a wealthy representative of an ancient Roman family, who owned a large palace in Assisi and a castle on the slope of Mount Subasio. Ortolana belonged to the noble family of Fiumi, and was a very devout woman who had undertaken pilgrimages to Rome, Santiago de Compostela, and the Holy Land. Later in life, after being widowed, Ortolana entered Clare's monastery. Clare's younger sisters, Beatrix and Catarina, followed her into religious life.

As children, Clare and her sisters were taught the ways of Christianity by their mother; they all became very religious and devoted to prayer. When Clare was 12 years old, her parents wanted her to marry a wealthy young man; however, she protested and said that she did not want to marry until she turned 18.

Clare is also known for her miracles. She was credited with twice saving the city of Assisi from destruction. On the first occasion, Clare caused the convent chaplain to elevate the Host at the refectory window, whereupon the Moorish allies of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II, who were storming the walls, fell back.

On the second occasion, when a larger force headed by Gen. Vitale d’Aversa besieged Assisi, Clare and her nuns fervently prayed for the Assisians, and a great storm dispersed the attackers.

She was credited with other miracles in life and after death. In 1958 Pope Pius XII declared her patron of television, citing an incident during her last illness when she miraculously heard and saw the Christmas midnight mass in the basilica of San Francesco on the far side of Assisi.

Summary from the Breviary:
Clare was a virgin of noble birth, born at Assisi in Umbria. Imitating St. Francis, her fellow-citizen, she gave all her goods in alms to aid the poor. Fleeing from the noise of the world, she went to a country chapel and there received the tonsure from St. Francis, strongly resisting her kindred who were trying to bring her back. Then he led her to the church of St. Damian, where she founded an Order of nuns, the government of which she undertook, yielding to the repeated requests of St. Francis. She governed her monastery with care and prudence for forty-two years. When the Saracens tried to invade it, she commanded that the Blessed Sacrament be brought and prayed most humbly, and they at once took to flight. She went to heaven on the 12th day of August, and was enrolled among the holy Virgins by Pope Alexander IV.

(1) Locket salvaged from Titanic belonged to survivor whose husband ... - TODAY. https://www.today.com/news/locket-salvaged-titanic-belonged-survivor-whose-husband-died-saving-her-t110318.

(2) Long-lost locket belonged to Titanic survivor who tragically lost .... https://www.cbsnews.com/news/locket-belonged-to-titanic-survivor-who-tragically-lost-husband/.

(3) Library Board Announces Hiring of 10th Librarian of Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/news/press/Media_Release_Library_of_Virginia_Announces_Hiring_of_10th_State_Librarian.pdf.

(4) 1951: The Girl Who Won Gable Back – Dear Mr. Gable. https://dearmrgable.com/?page_id=14935.

(5) Judge’s Career Takes Novel Turn | University of Virginia School of Law. https://www.law.virginia.edu/news/202403/judges-career-takes-novel-turn.

(6) Clare of Assisi - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi.

(7) St. Clare of Assisi | Biography, Facts, & Miracles | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Clare-of-Assisi.

(8) Clare of Assisi - New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Clare_of_Assisi.

Saint Lawrence the Martyr

"S. Laurentii Martyris" refers to Saint Lawrence the Martyr. He was one of the seven deacons of Rome, Italy, under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians that the Roman Emperor Valerian ordered in 258.

There are hymns and chants dedicated to him, such as "In martyris Laurentii", and his passion is commemorated in various texts. There is also a temple dedicated to Saint Lawrence the Martyr in Verolanuova, in the diocese of Brescia, which has been elevated to the dignity of a minor basilica.

Saint Lawrence, also known as Laurence, was born on December 31, AD 225. He was from Huesca, a town in the later region of Aragon that was then part of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis². His parents are traditionally held to be the martyrs Orentius and Patientia.

Lawrence encountered the future Pope Sixtus II, a famous teacher born in Greece, in Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza), and they traveled together from Spain to Rome. When Sixtus became the Pope in 257, he ordained Lawrence, who was only 32, as a deacon, and later appointed him as the "archdeacon of Rome", the first among the seven deacons who served in the cathedral church. This was a position of great trust that included the care of the treasury and riches of the Church and the distribution of alms to the indigent.

At the beginning of August 258, the Emperor Valerian issued an edict that all bishops, priests, and deacons should immediately be put to death. Pope Sixtus II was captured on August 6, 258, at the cemetery of St. Callixtus while celebrating the liturgy and was executed immediately. After the death of Sixtus, the prefect of Rome demanded that Lawrence turn over the riches of the Church. St. Ambrose wrote that Lawrence asked for three days to gather the wealth. He worked swiftly to distribute as much Church property to the indigent as possible to prevent it from being seized by the prefect.

Although Lawrence was probably beheaded, St. Ambrose of Milan and the Latin poet Prudentius, among others, recorded that he was roasted to death on a gridiron. He is famously quoted as saying to his torturers at one point, “I am cooked on that side; turn me over, and eat”. Many conversions to Christianity throughout Rome reportedly followed Lawrence’s death, including those of several senators witnessing his execution.

Saint Lawrence is celebrated for his Christian valour. He is the patron saint of the poor and of cooks. His feast day is celebrated on August 10. The Basilica of San Lorenzo Fuori le Mura (St. Lawrence Outside the Walls), Rome, was built over his burial place. He is named in the canon of the Roman mass.

(1) Saint Lawrence - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence.

(2) Saint Lawrence | Tradition, Martyrdom, & Facts | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Lawrence.

(3) The Life and Legacy of Saint Lawrence of Rome: Courage and Humility in .... https://www.catholic365.com/article/25950/the-life-and-legacy-of-saint-lawrence-of-rome-courage-and-humility-in-the-face-of-persecution.html.

(4) Saint Lawrence of Brindisi | Biography, Legacy, & Facts. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Lawrence-of-Brindisi.

On the Vigil of St. Lawrence the Martyr

The phrase "In Vigilia S. Laurentii Martyris" is Latin and translates to "On the Vigil of St. Lawrence the Martyr" in English.

This refers to the day before the feast day of St. Lawrence, a Christian martyr. The vigil is a time of spiritual preparation for the feast day. St. Lawrence is venerated in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on August 10th. The vigil, therefore, would be observed on August 9th.

St. Lawrence was one of the seven deacons of Rome, Italy, who were martyred during the persecution of the Church by Emperor Valerian in 258. He is especially honored for his charitable service to the poor and his courageous witness of faith.

St. Lawrence, also known as Laurence, was one of the seven deacons of Rome under Pope Sixtus II. He was born on December 31, AD 225, possibly in Huesca or Valencia, which are now part of modern-day Spain.

Lawrence served the church in a time of severe persecution under the Roman Emperor Valerian. He was responsible for the care of the church's treasury and the distribution of alms to the poor. When Pope Sixtus II was captured and executed, Lawrence was ordered to turn over the riches of the Church. Instead, he distributed as much of the Church's property to the poor as possible to prevent it from being seized.

Although it is likely that Lawrence was beheaded, there is a tradition that he was roasted to death on a gridiron. This account comes from St. Ambrose of Milan and the Latin poet Prudentius, who recorded that Lawrence remarked to his torturers at one point, "I am cooked on that side; turn me over, and eat.". His courage and faith led to many conversions to Christianity throughout Rome, including those of several senators who witnessed his execution.

St. Lawrence is venerated as a martyr and is celebrated for his Christian valour. He is the patron saint of the poor and of cooks. His feast day is observed on August 10th. The Basilica of San Lorenzo Fuori le Mura (St. Lawrence Outside the Walls) in Rome was built over his burial place.

(1) VIGIL OF ST LAWRENCE - Maternal Heart. https://maternalheart.org/propers/Propers%20of%20the%20Saints/Aug%209%20-%20Vigil%20of%20St%20Lawrence/vigil_of_st_lawrence.pdf.

(2) In martyris Laurentii (Gregorian chant) - ChoralWiki. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/In_martyris_Laurentii_%28Gregorian_chant%29.

(3) Gaudemus sane - Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II - Vatican. https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/apost_letters/1996/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_19960625_gaudemus-sane.html.

(4) Saint Lawrence - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence.

(5) Saint Lawrence | Tradition, Martyrdom, & Facts | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Lawrence.

(6) St. Lawrence: The Inspiring (And Witty) Patron of Deacons. https://www.catholiccompany.com/magazine/st-lawrence-the-inspiring-and-witty-patron-of-deacons-6224.

(7) Saint Lawrence of Brindisi | Biography, Legacy, & Facts. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Lawrence-of-Brindisi.

Saint Dominic

Saint Dominic, also known as Dominic de Guzmán, was a Castilian-French Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order¹. He was born on August 8, 1170, in Caleruega, Kingdom of Castile, and died on August 6, 1221, in Bologna, Kingdom of Italy, Holy Roman Empire.

The Dominican Order, also known as the Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Prædicatorum; abbreviated OP), is a Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right. It was founded in France by a Castilian-French priest named Dominic de Guzmán. The order was approved by Pope Honorius III via the papal bull Religiosam vitam on December 22, 1216.

Members of the order, who are referred to as Dominicans, generally display the letters OP after their names, standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning 'of the Order of Preachers'. Membership in the order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as tertiaries). More recently, there have been a growing number of associates of the religious sisters who are unrelated to the tertiaries.

The Dominican Order came into being during the Middle Ages at a time when men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emerged two orders of mendicant friars – one, the Friars Minor, led by Francis of Assisi; the other, the Friars Preachers, led by Dominic de Guzmán.

The order is famed for its intellectual tradition and for having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. In 2018, there were 5,747 Dominican friars, including 4,299 priests. The order is headed by the master of the order who, as of 2022, is Gerard Timoner III. Mary Magdalene and Catherine of Siena are the co-patronesses of the order.

The motto of the Dominican Order is "Laudare, benedicere, praedicare" which translates to 'To praise, to bless, to preach'. The order's headquarters is at the Convento Santa Sabina, Piazza Pietro d'Illiria 1, Rome, Italy.

He is venerated in the Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, and Lutheranism. His major shrine is the Basilica of San Domenico. His feast days are on August 8, May 24 (translation of relics), and August 4 (pre-1970 General Roman Calendar).

Saint Dominic is the patron saint of astronomers and natural scientists. He and his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary. He is alternatively called Dominic of Osma, Dominic of Caleruega, and Domingo Félix de Guzmán.

His life began in Caleruega, halfway between Osma and Aranda de Duero in Old Castile, Spain. He was named after Saint Dominic of Silos. The Benedictine abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos lies a few miles north of Caleruega. His parents were Juana and Felix.

At the age of fourteen, Dominic was sent to the Premonstratensian monastery of Santa María de La Vid and subsequently transferred for further studies in the schools of Palencia. He later founded the Order of Friars Preachers (Dominicans), a mendicant religious order with a universal mission of preaching, a centralized organization and government, and a great emphasis on scholarship. He is a patron saint of the Dominican Republic and of astronomers.



(1) Saint Dominic - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Dominic. (2) Saint Dominic | Biography, Feast Day, Patron Saint Of, & Facts. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Dominic.

(3) Dominican Order - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_order.

from Psalm 61 Douay Rheims

... vain are the sons of men, the sons of men are liars in the balances: that by vanity they may together deceive.
Trust not in iniquity, and cover not robberies: if riches abound, set not your heart upon them.
God hath spoken once, these two things have I heard, that power belongeth to God, and mercy to thee, O Lord; for thou wilt render to every man according to his works.

John Marie Vianney

"S. Joannis Mariae Vianney Confessoris" refers to Saint John Marie Vianney, who is also known as the curé of Ars⁵. He was canonized in 1925 and declared the heavenly patron for all parish priests in 1929. The term "Confessoris" is a Latin term used in the Catholic Church to denote a saint who confessed the faith by living a holy life.

The phrase you provided is often seen in the context of the Traditional Latin Mass, such as the "Missa 'Os justi'"³⁴. This Mass is often celebrated on the feast day of Saint John Marie Vianney. The saint was known for his piety and dedication to his parishioners, often spending up to 12 hours a day hearing confessions⁵. His life and works continue to inspire many people around the world.

John Mary Vianney was born in the Village of Dardilly in the diocese of Lyons, and gave many indications of his future sanctity.

As an eight year old boy, keeping sheep, he would lead the other children to kneel before the image of the Mother of God, teaching them the rosary by word and example: and he loved to work in the fields and meditate on divine things.

He was a great lover of the poor and took delight in helping them in every way.

He was slow to learn, but after imploring God's help, and working hard to complete his course in theology, he was judged fit to be ordained. Receiving an appointment as pastor he made spiritual flowers bloom again in a parish that had been nothing but a dried up wasteland.

Busy every day hearing confessions and giving spiritual counsel, he bore patiently the most horrible attacks of Satan. He established a practice of making missions in more than a hundred parishes. The faithful came flocking to his parish, even from distant places in a holy desire to see him; but he did not share their high opinion of him, and more than once he tried to slip away.

Saint John Marie Vianney, also known as the Curé d'Ars, was born on May 8, 1786, in Dardilly, France. He is renowned for his deep faith, quiet nature, and patience. Despite struggling with learning Latin, which was crucial for his religious training, he had a strong desire to become a priest.

During the French Revolution, Vianney was deeply moved by the heroism of the priests and nuns who risked their lives for their faith. His studies were interrupted when he was drafted into Napoleon's armies in 1809. He was separated from his draft group and ended up in a rural village with a number of army deserters, where he was forced to hide until the decree of amnesty for all deserters in 1810.

He was ordained in 1815 and was made assistant priest at Écully, France. In 1818, he became the priest of the small village of Ars. He transformed Ars into a model parish, and reports of his holiness and his supernatural powers soon spread. He was known for his devotion to the Virgin Mary and to St. Philomena and was dedicated to the sacrament of reconciliation (confession) for his parishioners.

From 1824, he suffered attacks that he believed were caused by the Devil, who allegedly on one occasion set fire to Vianney’s bed. By 1827, Ars had become a pilgrimage site, and every year from 1845 until Vianney’s death, about 20,000 persons visited Ars to see Vianney and especially to make their confession to him. He spent as many as 12 or 15 hours daily in his confessional.

Worn out by his labors rather than his old age, he rested in the Lord at the age of seventy-three, on the day he had foretold, August 4, 1859. Famous for many miracles, he was enrolled among the Blessed by Pius X, and among the Saints by Pius XI, who on the fiftieth anniversary of his own priesthood, appointed him the heavenly patron of all parish priests.

Vianney died on August 4, 1859 and canonized on May 31, 1925, by Pope Pius XI. His feast day is celebrated on August 4. He is the patron saint of parish priests. His life and works continue to inspire many people around the world.

(1) Saint John Marie Vianney | uCatholic. https://ucatholic.com/saints/john-marie-vianney/.

(2) Old Romans | S. Joannis Mariæ Vianney Confessoris: Missa "Os justi". https://www.facebook.com/groups/OldRomans/posts/664269492252261/.

(3) S. Joannis Mariæ Vianney Confessoris... - Daily Mass Online - Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/dailymasspage/posts/s-joannis-mari%C3%A6-vianney-confessoris-missa-os-justithe-traditional-latin-mass-bro/10165290854830167/.

(4) Ad Laudes - S. Joannis Mariæ Vianney Confessoris - IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt26408891/parentalguide.

(5) Ordo: Augustus 2024 - Divinum Officium. https://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/kalendar.pl.

(6) Saint John Vianney | Biography & Facts | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Jean-Baptiste-Marie-Vianney.

(7) John Vianney - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Vianney.

(8) Saint John Marie Vianney | uCatholic. https://ucatholic.com/saints/john-marie-vianney/.

(9) Who was Saint John Vianney? - Round Rock, TX. https://sjvroundrock.org/who-was-sjv.

A reflection on the fleeting nature of worldly wealth and power

The selected text is from **Psalm 48:7-9** in the Douay Rheims Bible. This Psalm is a wisdom psalm, a reflection on the fleeting nature of worldly wealth and power, and the ultimate triumph of divine justice. Here's a brief interpretation of the selected verses:

- "They that trust in their own strength, and glory in the multitude of their riches": This verse warns against the folly of placing one's trust in worldly wealth and power.

- "No brother can redeem, nor shall man redeem: he shall not give to God his ransom, Nor the price of the redemption of his soul": These lines emphasize that no amount of wealth can buy redemption or eternal life.

- "He shall not see destruction, when he shall see the wise dying: the senseless and the fool shall perish together": This verse suggests that both the wise and the foolish face the same end—death.

- "And they shall leave their riches to strangers: and their sepulchres shall be their houses for ever": This verse underscores the transient nature of life and the inevitability of death.

- "Their dwelling places to all generations: they have called their lands by their names": This line reflects on the vanity of those who seek to immortalize themselves through worldly possessions.

- "And man when he was in honour did not understand; he is compared to senseless beasts, and is become like to them": This verse serves as a reminder of the importance of spiritual wisdom over worldly honor.

This Psalm encourages us to focus on spiritual wealth and wisdom, rather than worldly possessions and honor. It reminds us of the transient nature of life and the importance of seeking redemption and eternal life through faith and good deeds.

(1) Psalm 48:7-9 DRA - They that trust in their own strength, - Bible Gateway. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2048:7-9&version=DRA.

Saint Cajetan the Confessor

"S. Cajetani Confessoris" refers to **Saint Cajetan the Confessor**. Saint Cajetan, whose original name was Gaetano dei Conti di Thiene, was an Italian Catholic priest and religious reformer. He was born on October 6, 1480, and died on August 7, 1547.

He is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on **August 7**. Saint Cajetan was a co-founder of the Theatines, a religious order in the Catholic Church¹. He is known for his work as a diplomat for Pope Julius II, his establishment of hospitals for the incurable in Vicenza and Venice, and his spiritual healing efforts.

Cajetan was born at Vicenza of the noble family of Tiene, and was at once dedicated by his mother to the Virgin Mother of God.

He won his degree in civil and canon law at Padua and went to Rome, where he was appointed a prelate by Julius II and later ordained to the priesthood.

He founded hospitals with his own money, and with his own hands served the sick, even those stricken with contagious diseases.

He worked so zealously for the salvation of others that he came to be called Hunter of souls.

The discipline of the clergy had fallen to a low state; with the aim of restoring it after the pattern of the apostolic life, Cajetan founded the Order of Clerks Regular. They were to give up all involvement in worldly affairs; they were not to possess any revenues or to beg for their subsistence from the faithful, but to live only on alms spontaneously offered.

And so, with the approval of Clement VII, Cajetan took solemn vows at the High Altar of the Vatican Basilica, together with John Peter Carafa, Bishop of Chieti and afterwards Paul IV, and two other men of outstandingly holy lives.

He was a great advancer of care in the worship of God, of splendour in the house of God, of exactness in the holy ceremonies, and of the frequent reception of the most holy Eucharist.

Full of merits, he went to his heavenly reward at Naples, and there his body is highly venerated in the Church of St. Paul.

Saint Cajetan is the patron saint of bankers, unemployed people, workers, gamblers, document controllers, job seekers, and people seeking good fortune. He is also venerated in various countries including Albania, Italy, Argentina, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, and the Philippines.

Several miracles are attributed to Saint Cajetan:

1. **Miracle of the Infant Jesus**: One of the most renowned miracles associated with Saint Cajetan centers around the Infant Jesus. During a time of great famine and despair, Cajetan fervently prayed for assistance. In response to his unwavering faith, the Infant Jesus miraculously appeared before him, bringing healing and hope to the suffering masses.

2. **Healing of the Sick**: Saint Cajetan is known to have miraculously cured many who were sick. One notable instance was when he cured a man whose foot was to be amputated due to gangrene. After telling the man to trust in God and ask for the intercession of St. Francis, he kissed the foot, rebandaged it, and made the sign of the cross over it. The following day, the foot was healed.

3. **Intercession during the Plague**: A miracle is attributed to Saint Cajetan when, in 1656, his intercession was invoked when the deadly plague struck Naples.

These miracles contributed to his canonization and his veneration as a saint in the Catholic Church. His life and miracles continue to inspire many people around the world.

(1) Saint Cajetan - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cajetan.

(2) Ordo: Augustus 2024 - Divinum Officium. https://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/kalendar.pl.

(3) The Daily Mass: St Cajetan – SELEISI. https://selsey.org/videos/the-daily-mass-st-cajetan/.

(4) Ad Vesperas - S. Cajetani Confessoris ~ III. classis. https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/2545e275-b922-4242-b3c7-08c3cb2087fd/episodes/ee05ebcb-48f3-40b8-ae3e-c1a8df7acbdd/praying-the-breviary-ad-vesperas---s-cajetani-confessoris-iii-classis. (5) undefined. https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/praying-the-breviary/support.

(6) The Life and Legacy of Saint Cajetan: A Closer Look at His Miracles and .... https://ofonetree.com/the-life-and-legacy-of-saint-cajetan-a-closer-look-at-his-miracles-and-devotion/.

(7) Prayers, Quips and Quotes: St. Cajetan, Feast Day August 7. https://catholicfaithpatronsaints.com/prayers-quips-and-quotes-st-cajetan-feast-day-august-7/.

(8) St Cajetan, Priest – Feast Day – August 7 2024 - Leituras Católicas. https://catholicreadings.org/saint-cajetan-priest/. (9) Saint Cajetan - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cajetan.

(10) Saint Cajetan of Thiene | Biography, Facts, & Contributions. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Cajetan-of-Thiene.